Contents
 

Introduction.

Laser

Principle of LiDAR.

Topographic LiDAR.

Bathymetric LiDAR.

Multiple return LiDAR.

Full waveform digitization.

Physical principle of LiDAR.

Types of range measurement

Continuous wave ranging.

Pulse ranging.

Laser pulse and nomenclature.

Time of Travel (ToT) measuring methods.

Constant fraction method.

Centroids of pulses.

Correction using ratio of amplitudes.

Correction using calibration.

Requirement of the laser for altimetric LiDAR.

LiDAR power and pulse firing rate.

Geolocation of LiDAR footprint

Reference systems.

Process for geolocation.

LiDAR sensor and data characteristics.

Available sensors.

 LiDAR Scanning pattern.

Zig-zag pattern.

Parallel line pattern.

Elliptical pattern.

Parallel lines-Toposys type.

Data density.

Example LiDAR data.

LiDAR error sources.

Reporting LiDAR accuracy.

Application of airborne altimetric LiDAR.

Floods.

Coastal applications.

 Bathymetric applications.

Glacier and Avalanche.

Landslides.

Forest mapping.

Urban applications.

Cellular network planning.

Mining.

Corridor mapping.

Transmission line mapping.

Advantages of LiDAR technology.

References