Both optical and microwave remote sensing have proved to be a viable tool for monitoring various land, ocean and atmosphere. Large volumes of data over the globe are now available and are being used to deduce various surface and atmospheric parameters. Looking at the potentiality of remote sensing data an effort has been made to various satellite data over the Indian sub-continent. The IRS-P4 satellite which was launched in 1999, carries on-board the Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) sensor. OCM with a total of 8 bands with wavelengths ranging from 412-865 nm, has been designed primarily for remote sensing of ocean-atmosphere system. India with a long coastline has much use of ocean colour data. Using OCM data, estimation of ocean colour parameters such as chlorophyll, suspended sediment concentration, change in concentration of coastal waters and mapping of land cover changes have been carried out. The study area and time chosen here is of Orissa and its coast, prior and after the major cyclone, for studying the change analysis due to cyclone. Due to the potentiality of microwave data, Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I)data have been used for Indian ocean. The SSM/I was developed as a part of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) and was launched by DMSP-F8 satellite. It measures the thermally emitted radiations from the earth surfaces and atmosphere at four different frequencies in vertical as well as horizontal polarisations. The brightness temperature data is analysed monthly at some selected locations in the Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal to deduce various atmospheric parameters. The brightness temperature gives characteristic surface signature. The analysis of various parameters (T_B, TPW, SST) at those particular locations over the Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal have been carried out during January 1989 - December 1998. An attempt has been made to correlate different parameters in the defined time frame with the Indian ocean - Sea surface temperature (IO-SST) and El Nino effect to study the Indian monsoon and also for the study of ocean water properties. The results discussed in the present thesis show potentiality of IRS-P4 OCM data and SSM/I data in the monitoring and mapping of land cover and coastal water changes and variations of many ocean-atmosphere parameters.