Publications

Journals Publications


  1. N. Bhagat, G. Francisco, J. Contreras-Vidal, “A State-Space Control Approach for Tracking Isometric Grip Force during BMI enabled Neuromuscular Stimulation”. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, 2023, vol. 53 Issue 6, pages 996 – 1005. View Online
  2. S. Chandrasekaran, N. Bhagat, R. Ramdeo, S. Ebrahimi, P. Sharma, D. Griffin, A. Stein, S. Harkema, C. Bouton, “Targeted transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation promotes persistent recovery of upper limb strength and tactile sensation in spinal cord injury: a pilot study,” Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2023, vol. 17 (July).
  3. S. Chandrasekaran, N. Bhagat, R. Ramdeo, S. Ebrahimi, P. Sharma, D. Griffin, A. Stein, S. Harkema, C. Bouton, “Case study: Persistent recovery of hand movement and tactile sensation in peripheral nerve injury using targeted transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation,” Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2023, vol. 17 (July).
  4. N. Bhagat, N. Yozbatiran, J. Sullivan, R. Paranjape, C. Losey, Z. Hernandez, Z. Keser, R. Grossman, G. Francisco, M. O’Malley, J. Contreras-Vidal, “Neural activity modulations and motor recovery following brain-exoskeleton interface mediated stroke rehabilitation,” NeuroImage: Clinical, 2020, 28; 102502.
  5. C. Bouton, N. Bhagat, S. Chandrasekaran, J. Herrero, N. Markowitz, E. Espinal, J. Kim, R. Ramdeo, J. Xu, M. Glasser, S. Bickel, A. Mehta, “Decoding Neural Activity in Sulcal and White Matter Areas of the Brain to Accurately Predict Individual Finger Movement and Tactile Stimuli of the Human Hand,” Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2021, vol. 15 (August).
  6. S. Chandrasekaran, S. Bickel, J. Herrero, J. Kim, N. Markowitz, E. Espinal, N. Bhagat, R. Ramdeo, J. Xu, M. Glasser, C. Bouton, A. Mehta, “Evoking highly focal percepts in the fingertips through targeted stimulation of sulcal regions of the brain for sensory restoration,” Brain Stimulation, 2021, vol. 14, pp. 1184–1196.
  7. A. Paek, J. Brantley, A. Ravindran, K. Nathan, Y. He, D. Eguren, J. Cruz-Garza, S. Nakagome, D. Wickramasuriya, J. Chang, M. Rashed-Al-Mahfuz, R. Amin, N. Bhagat, J. Contreras-Vidal, "A Roadmap Towards Standards for Neurally Controlled End Effectors," in IEEE Open Journal of Engg. Med. and Bio., 2021, vol. 2, pp. 84-90.
  8. N. Bhagat, K. King, R. Ramdeo, A. Stein, C. Bouton, “Determining grasp selection from arm trajectories via deep learning to enable functional hand movement in tetraplegia”, Bioelectron Med, 2020, 6; 17.
  9. N. Bhagat, A. Venkatakrishnan, B. Abibullaev, E. Artz, N. Yozbatiran, A. Blank, J. French, C. Karmonik, R. Grossman, M. OMalley, G. Francisco, and J. Contreras-Vidal, “Design and optimization of an EEG-based BMI to an upper-limb exoskeleton for stroke survivors,” Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2016, vol. 10, no.122.
  10. J. Contreras-Vidal, N. Bhagat, J. Brantley, J. Cruz-Garza, Y. He, Q. Manley, S. Nakagome, K. Nathan, S. Tan, F. Zhu, & J. Pons, “Powered exoskeletons for bipedal locomotion after spinal cord injury,” J Neural Eng., 2016, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 031001.
  11. S. Liew, H. Agashe, N. Bhagat, A. Paek and T. Bulea, “A clinical roadmap for brain-neural machine interfaces: trainees' perspectives on the 2013 international workshop,” in IEEE Pulse, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 44-48, Sept. 2013.

Conference Publications


  1. N. Bhagat and M. Ruppa, “Using Object Detection to Select Grasp Type & Control Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) for Hand Rehabilitation,” 10th Int'l Conf. on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), Noida, Delhi-NCR, India, 2023, pp.538-542.
  2. J. Sullivan, N. Bhagat, N. Yozbatiran, R. Paranjape, C. Losey, R. Grossman, J. Contreras-Vidal, G. Francisco, M. O’Malley, “Improving robotic stroke rehabilitation by incorporating neural intent detection: Preliminary results from a clinical trial”, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR), London, 2017, pp. 122-127.
  3. N. Bhagat, J. French, A. Venkatakrishnan, N. Yozbatiran, G. Francisco, M. O'Malley, and J. Contreras-Vidal, “Detecting movement intent from scalp EEG in a novel upper limb robotic rehabilitation system for stroke,” 36th Annual Int'l Conf. of IEEE EMBS, Chicago, IL, 2014, pp. 4127-4130.
  4. R. Bobade, P. Gandhi, N. Bhagat, and C. Chen, “Cancellation of physiological hand tremors using compliant robotic assist,” ASME 2013

Abstracts (peer-reviewed)


  1. S. Chandrasekaran, N. Bhagat, R. Ramdeo, S. Ebrahimi, P. Sharma, A. Stein, D. Griffin, S. Harkema, C. Bouton, “Targeted transcutaneous cervical spinal cord stimulation promotes upper limb recovery in spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury,” 5th Int’l Brain Stimulation Conf., Lisbon, Feb 2023, vo. 16, pg. 373.
  2. N Bhagat, S. Chandrasekaran, R. Ramdeo, S. Bickel, J. Herrero, A. Stein, A. Mehta, and C. Bouton, “Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation selectivity and optimization for hand restoration in tetraplegia,” Abstracts from the Fourth Bioelectronic Medicine Summit: Technology Targeting Molecular Mechanisms. Bioelectron Med 6, 25 (2020).
  3. N. Bhagat, A. Vegesna, C. Li, L. Rieth, R. Ramdeo, C. Bouton, H. Rilo, and L. Miller, “Electrically evoked vagus nerve recordings using transmural endoscopy in a swine model,” Abstracts from the Fourth Bioelectronic Medicine Summit: Technology Targeting Molecular Mechanisms. Bioelectron Med 6, 25 (2020).
  4. N. Bhagat, M. Hogan, V. Desai, D. Sayenko, G. Britz, P. Horner, “Transcranial Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation for Motor Assessment in a Swine Model for Intracerebral Hemorrhage,” Abstracts from the Second Annual CNS Neuroregeneration Strategies, Houston (2019).
  5. N. Bhagat, G. Francisco, and J. Contreras-Vidal, “Brain Machine Interface with Closed-Loop Neuromuscular Stimulation for Grasping in Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury Survivors" Abstracts from 2018 Gordon Research Conference on Neuroelectronic Interfaces, Galveston, TX (2018).
  6. N. Bhagat, R. Paranjape, C. Losey, N. Yozbatiran, J. Sullivan, R. Grossman, G. Francisco, M. O’Malley, J. Contreras-Vidal, “Inter- and intra-session variability in brain machine interface control of an exoskeleton for upper extremity stroke rehabilitation,” Program No. 157.29. 2016 Neuroscience Meeting Planner. San Diego, CA: Soc. for Neurosci., 2016.
  7. N. Bhagat, J. French, A. Venkatakrishnan, N. Yozbatiran, G. Francisco, M. O’Malley, J. Contreras-Vidal, “Optimizing “go” time intervals to detect movement intent from single-trial movement related cortical potentials” Abstracts from the 41st Neural Interfaces Conference. Dallas, TX, 2014. Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface, 17(5), e40–e127.

Selected Presentations


  1. Invited speaker on “Brain-Machine Interface & Functional Electrical Stimulation to Restore Movements following Paralysis” organized by CNS Dept., IISc, Sept. 2023
  2. Invited speaker on “Brain-Machine Interface & Neuromuscular Stimulation to Restore Arm & Hand Movements following Paralysis” organized by EE Dept., IIT Bombay, Jan. 2022
  3. Invited speaker on “NeuroRehabilitation after Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury” organized by Amity School of Applied Sciences at Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 2021
  4. Invited speaker on “Intent Driven NeuroRehabilitation for Restoring Movement after Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury” at UTHealth PM&R Grand Rounds and TIRR NeuroRecovery Research Center Seminar, Houston, 2020
  5. Invited oral presenter on “Brain-machine interface with closed-loop FES” at Gordon Research Conference on Neuroelectronic Interfaces, Galveston, 2018
  6. Invited speaker on “Brain-machine interfaces” at 8th Annual Yatsu Day Symposium, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, 2015
  7. Presented “Brain-machine interface controlled robotic rehabilitation following stroke,” at Annual Graduate Research Conference, University of Houston, 2013