COURSE CONTENT

During the 13^th plan period (2013-2017) the projected additional installed electricity capacity is 118,000 MW, which will require a total investment of about INR600 billion (US$12 billion). This includes an additional capacity of 69,000 MW of coal-fired power plants. The annual coal requirement for the power sector in 2017 is projected to be 730 million tonnes (including 180 million tonnes of imports).  Fig 1 shows the Indian installed power generation capacity in 2013.

Figure 1. Indian installed power generation capacity in 2013

It shows that 59% power generation is based on coal.  During generation of power through coal, flyash is a major byproduct  In this context it is worth to say that even today a young Indian child studies by candlelight during her final exam as there is no electricity in her house (Patna, East Midnapur, WB), Fig 2. To resolve this major issues immediately, we need power. Solution is to fire more and more coal and utilization of other renewables energy.

Figure 3: A young Indian child studies by candlelight

In India, large quantities of fly ash are being generated, as most of our energy demand is met through coal based thermal power stations. The fly ash generation is expected to grow further as coal would continue to remain as major source of energy at least for next 50 years. The fly ash, which is a resource material, if not managed well, may pose environmental challenges. Large number of projects/activities have been undertaken for technology development/demonstration, dissemination of information, awareness creation, facilitation of multiplier effects, providing inputs for policy interventions etc. in the area of safe management & gainful utilization of fly ash. As per estimates, the annual fly ash generation in our country in 2009-10 was about 200 million tonnes; fly ash recycled is about 30%, i.e about 60 million tonnes. Out of this the cement industry consumes around 38-40 million tonnes, which is above 70% of the recycled ash. Hence, there is still a huge surplus of 140 million tonnes which is being disposed off as slurry in the ponds. Fly ash, like soil, contains trace concentrations of many heavy metals that are known to be detrimental to health in sufficient quantities. These include nickel, vanadium, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, barium, chromium, copper, molybdenum, zinc, lead, selenium, uranium, thorium, and radium. Though these elements are found in extremely low concentrations in fly ash, their mere presence has prompted some to sound alarm.

Another approximately 128,000 MW of new power generation capacity is expected to come up in the country within three-four years. Out of this major portion of around 75% would come in form of thermal power. Estimated generation of fly ash till 2020 would be 500 million tonnes, which again would pose a serious problem of disposal. The major consumer of fly ash is the cement industry only, while some small quantities are used for making fly ash bricks, landfill etc.

Through development & application of technologies the image of fly ash has been turned around from a "WASTE MATERIAL" to a "RESOURCE MATERIAL". Its utilization in the country from 1 million tonne (1994) to 100 million tonne (2010-11), reduced annual CO₂ generation by 55 million tonne, reduced consumption of a number of mineral resources, generated employment for more than 1 Million and added annual economic returns worth more than US$3 Billion: Source: Department of Science and Technology, India, http://www.dst.gov.in/fly-ash-unit-1

Reference: http://cornerstonemag.net/coal-based-electricity-generation-in-india/

Day 1

Lecture 1: 1 hr: SB

Title: Coal Fly Ash: A Valuable Recycling Treasure in Plastics, Engineering and Environmental Application

Lecture 2: 1 hr: SB

Title: Traditional disposal of fly ash by dumping as a land fill and water wastes so much of this high ceramic material

Lecture 3: 1 hr: KKK

Title: Beauty of Materials

Lecture 4: 1 hr: KKK

Title: Wonderful Journey of Nanosrishti Technologies Private Limited

Lecture 5 (Tutorial 1). 1 hr, SB

Problem solving session with examples: Fly ash compostion, and verificationmethods, fly ash particle size, pozzolanic property

Lecture 6-7 ( Laboratory-1) 2 hrs, SB and KKK

Title: Synthesis of Nanomaterials with special reference to flyash

Day-2

Lecture 8: 1 hr: SB

Title : Effect of particle size and chemical composition on the colour of fly ash : a property that de-termines whether fly ash polymer composites can be engineered to have very light appearance satisfying the need for a wide range of commodity applications, particularly in the building material and computer housing industry

Lecture 9: 1 hr: SB

Title: High Strength Polymer Fly ash Composites-Fundamental Understanding

Lecture 10: 1 hr: KKK

Title: Advanced thermoplastic materials and their nanocomposites

Lecture 11-12 ( Laboratory-2) 2 hrs, SB and KKK

Title: Fabrication of thermoplastic composites

Day-3

Lecture 13: 1 hr: SB

Title Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behaviours of Fly ash Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

Lecture 14: 1 hr: SB

Title : Novel Observations on Kinetics of Non-isothermal Crystallization in Fly ash Filled isotactic- Polypropylene Composites

Lecture 15: 1 hr: KKK

Title: Advanced thermoset materials and their nanocomposites

Lecture 16-17 ( Laboratory-3) 2 hrs, SB and KKK

Title: Fabrication of thermoset nanocomposites

Day-4

Lecture 18: 1 hr: SB

Title: Structure-property-interface correlation of fly ash-isotactic polypropylene composites

Lecture 19: 1 hr: SB

Title Chemically modified-fly ash for fabricating super-strong biodegradable polymer poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films

Lecture 20: 1 hr: SB

Title : High strength bio-composite films of poly(vinyl alcohol) reinforced with chemically modified fly ash

Lecture 21-22 ( Laboratory-3) 2 hrs, SB and KKK

Title: Dynamic mechanical characterization of nanocomposites

Day-5

Lecture 23: 1 hr: SB

Title : Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) v EDS technique to identify fly ash mineral spatial and particulate distribution in polymer

Lecture 24: 1 hrs: SB

Title: UNSW developed technology Near whitened fly ash in neat white polypropylene polymer to improve mechanical, notched impact and retain whiteness colour properties

Lecture 25: 1 hr: SB

Title Recycling of Fly ash in Recycled high density polyethylene polymer

Lecture 26: 1 hr: SB

Title: Use of fly ash reinforced composites as Dielectric applications

Lecture 27: 1 hr: SB

Title : Fly ash in cement and concrete

Date of Examination: November 24, 2017

Practical/Workshop: Visit to Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory