Spray visualization

Development stages of a spray
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2D view of a well developed spray
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SMD variation with GLR

• SMD decreased with GLR for a given axial distance (Z_R) downstream of orifice.


• SMD at a given GLR decreased with Z_R.


• At higher GLR, increased momentum of air caused more turbulence, due to which SMD decreased drastically by collision and breakup of larger drops.


• Secondary atomization results in decreased droplet size at Z_R = 150 mm as compared to Z_R = 100 mm.

Droplet size distribution at Z_R = 150 mm

• Increase in the volume fraction occupied by particles of smaller SMD at higher GLR.


• Size distribution is increasingly skewed towards lower SMD as GLR increases.


• Earlier secondary atomization at higher GLR due to increased turbulence.

Effect of GLR on size distribution

• At a given GLR, increased secondary atomization at Z_R = 150 mm decreased the volume fraction of the largest droplet size.


• Higher GLR operation is able to reduce the volume fraction of largest droplet size more effectively.